The rise of grey zone attacks in the cyberspace, information environment, sabotage against critical infrastructure, demands a shift from reactive responses to proactive deterrence. So far, NATO and its allies have struggled to impose real costs on adversaries, inadvertently signaling that such attacks can continue without consequence. A credible deterrence strategy must integrate diplomatic, information, military, economic, cyber, financial, and legal measures, ensuring that aggressors face tangible repercussions.

Strategic communications goes beyond defence and serves as an important element of deterrence. Resilience means more than enduring attacks; it requires controlling the narrative, signaling resolve, and mobilizing rapid responses. How can allies enhance their strategic communications targeting critical vulnerabilities of adversaries?